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In 2002, there were 6,413 people of Japanese origin, including Japanese citizens and Japanese Americans, in the Wayne-Oakland-Macomb tri-county area in Metro Detroit, making them the fifth largest Asian ethnic group there. In that year, within an area stretching from Sterling Heights to Canton Township in the shape of a crescent, most of the ethnic Japanese lived in the center. In 2002, the largest populations of ethnic Japanese people were located in Novi and West Bloomfield Township.〔Metzger, Kurt and Jason Booza. "(Asians in the United States, Michigan and Metropolitan Detroit )." Center for Urban Studies, Wayne State University. January 2002 Working Paper Series, No. 7. p. 12. Retrieved on November 6, 2013.〕 In April 2013, the largest Japanese national population in the State of Michigan was in Novi, with 2,666 Japanese residents. West Bloomfield had the third largest Japanese population and Farmington Hills had the fourth largest Japanese population. ==History== The first Japanese people came to Detroit in 1892. There were no particular waves of immigration.〔Mayer, p. (30 ). "JAPANESE There are approximately 900 people of Japanese descent in the city of Detroit. They first arrived to Detroit in 1892, but there have been no peaks of immigration to this city. However after World War II a number of Japanese persons came to Detroit from California. Many Japanese are located in Highland Park, whereas, the rest are scattered all over the city." and "Several Japanese attend the Japanese Mission which meets at the Trinity Methodist Church, 13100 Woodward."〕 However, after World War II ended and the Japanese internment camps were disbanded, the first significant wave of those with Japanese origins came to Metro Detroit,〔〔Baulch, Vivian M. (September 4, 1999). "(Michigan's greatest treasure -- Its people )" ((Archive )) Michigan History, ''The Detroit News''. Retrieved on April 4, 2009.〕 with many coming from California. By 1951 there were about 900 Japanese in Detroit. A concentration of Japanese existed in Highland Park and others were throughout the city of Detroit.〔 ,〔"(2010年度 ＪＢＳＤ新年会用景品のご提供、ご寄付のお願い )." ((Archive )) Japan Business Society of Detroit. December 17, 2009. Retrieved on November 15, 2013. "事務局長 中浜 昭太郎"〕 the executive director of the Japan Business Society of Detroit (デトロイト日本商工会 ''Detoroito Nihon Shōkōkai''), stated that in the 1970s many of the first Japanese groups settled in the Troy area. According to Nakahama, as time passed, additional rental apartments, condominiums, and houses opened first in areas such as Walled Lake and West Bloomfield and later in the Ann Arbor and Novi areas, so the Japanese population moved to the west.〔 The Japanese Society of Detroit formed around 1972.〔Jeffrey, Nancy Ann (Knight-Ridder Newspapers). "(Japanese Wives Help Each Other In New Land )." ''Chicago Tribune''. March 1, 1992. Retrieved on November 10, 2013.〕 The Japanese School of Detroit was founded in 1973 by local Japanese companies.〔 That year, the Japan Festival in Metro Detroit was held for the first time.〔 In 1982 there were 50 Japanese companies with branches in Detroit.〔Ingrassia and White, p. (335 ).〕 By the 1980s, as the Japanese automobile industry became increasingly common in the U.S., domestic automobile companies named Japanese companies the culprit behind declining work opportunities, and as a result anti-Japanese sentiment appeared in Metro Detroit.〔Darden and Thomas, (page unstated ) (starts with "This is a crucial point in understanding the anti-Asian motives()")〕 An oil price hike of 1978 made Americans more interested in more fuel efficient Japanese cars.〔Zia, p. (58 ).〕 John Campbell, a political science professor of the University of Michigan, stated that in the 1980s "There really was this kind of undifferentiated panic.〔Cohen, Sharon. "(Metamorphosis in Motown )." Associated Press at ''The Ledger''. Thursday December 26, 1991. p. 7C. Retrieved from Google News (95 of 121) on November 19, 2013.〕 People could say the worse things about Japan and nobody knew if it was true."〔 For entertainment area residents destroyed Toyotas with sledgehammers.〔 Local unions sponsored events in which Japanese automobiles were destroyed. Individuals fired bullets at drivers of Japanese cars on freeways and other individuals vandalized Japanese automobiles. There were bumper stickers that read "Honda, Toyota—Pearl Harbor". Anti-Japanese slurs appeared on Metro Detroit streetcorners, radio channels, and television channels. Helen Zia, author of ''Asian American Dreams: The Emergence of an American People'', wrote that "Politicians and public figures made irresponsible and unambiguous racial barbs aimed at Japanese people."〔 John Dingell, a U.S. House member from the State of Michigan, assigned blame to "those little yellow men" and Lee Iacocca, the chairperson of Chrysler, made a joke suggestion of dropping nuclear bombs on Japan.〔 Zia wrote that, due to the anti-Japanese sentiment, "it felt dangerous to have an Asian face."〔 Japanese corporate employees and their families felt anxiety upon learning about the sentiment in Metro Detroit. 〔Helweg, Arthur W. ''Asian Indians in Michigan'' (Discovering the Peoples of Michigan). Michigan State University Press, March 1, 2012. ISBN 1609170482, 9781609170486., (Page unstated ) (Google Books PT79). "When they learned of assignments here, Japanese officials and their families once fretted over reports of Japanese cars being stoned or pursued the streets, ritually pounded into scrap with sledge hammers or crushed beneath a creaking Sherman tank in a local car dealer's commercial that played widely in Asian news programs."〕 In 1982, in Metro Detroit autoworkers killed Vincent Chin, a Chinese American mistaken as a Japanese American. An October 27, 2009 article by the ''Detroit Free Press'' stated that "It took the slaying of ... Vincent Chin by a disgruntled autoworker in 1982 to awaken Detroit of the ugliness and danger of anti-Asian racism."〔Darden and Thomas, (page unstated ) (starts with "Dingell was not alone in the sentiment()")〕 People within Japan perceived of Chin's killing as an example of a savagery within American culture.〔Helweg, Arthur W. ''Asian Indians in Michigan'' (Discovering the Peoples of Michigan). Michigan State University Press, March 1, 2012. ISBN 1609170482, 9781609170486., (Page unstated ) (Google Books PT79). "The 1982 murder of Chinese-American Vincent Chin outside a Highland Park striptease bar was seen in Japan as another example of our cultural savagery; in fact, Japanese reporters visiting Detroit once made a point of macho pride to say they had a drink in the bar Chin visited that night."〕 In the period after Chin's death, Japanese news reporters visiting Detroit told people they visited the same bar that Vincent Chin visited.〔 By the mid-1980s, anti-Japanese sentiment in Detroit had decreased. The level had especially decreased among young working age people. Leaders in government and business had toned down remarks regarding Japan. Japanese cars became increasingly common in Detroit, including within blue collar communities.〔Fucini, p. (98 ).〕 In 1991 Sharon Cohen of the Associated Press wrote that anti-Japanese sentiment had largely decreased from 1981 and American automobile industry trade union members were working for Japanese companies.〔 She added that "Japan-bashing" still occurred in Metro Detroit, with politicians and Iacocca making public statements against the Japanese automobile industry.〔 Mazda's operation at the Flat Rock Assembly Plant in Flat Rock, Michigan, was the first Japanese auto operation in the U.S. industrial heartland.〔〔Fucini, p. (101 ).〕 In 1991 the plant had 250 Japanese employees out of its total of 3,600 employees.〔 In a ten-year period ending in 1992, the Japanese population in Metro Detroit had tripled.〔 Sharon Cohen wrote in a 1991 Associated Press article that "The Japanese community (all of Michigan ) is tiny and transient: estimates range from 6,000 to 8,000."〔 In 1990, there were 3,500 Japanese expatriates in Metro Detroit.〔Ingrassia and White, p. (336 ).〕 In 1992 there were about 5,000 Japanese nationals in Metro Detroit and there were estimates of up to 270 Japanese companies there.〔 By 1990, Chrysler was purchasing steel from Mitsui which had an office in Southfield. By 1990, since the number of Japanese companies with Detroit branches had increased to almost 300, with most of them related to the automobile industry, major accounting firms including the "Big Six" hired Japanese employees and catered to the new Japanese business populations. For the same reason Dickinson, Wright, Moon, Van Dusen & Freeman, one of the largest law firms in Detroit, hired Japanese employees.〔 Area hospitals began catering to Japanese patients.〔 A hotel in Novi, the Sheraton Oaks, hired a "director of Japan marketing".〔 By 1990, the Saturday Japanese school operated in three locations.〔 In the 1990s, several Japanese automobile firms had opened offices along M-14.〔 Nissan Motor Co. opened its Farmington Hills office in November 1991.〔〔 In addition, Toyota established a technical center in Ann Arbor.〔 In 1993 the Consulate-General of Japan, Detroit, was established partly due to an increase in the numbers of Japanese businesses and residents in the states of Michigan and Ohio.〔"(Consul General's Greeting )." ((Archive )) Consulate-General of Japan, Detroit. Retrieved on May 6, 2013.〕 In 1996, 4,084 Japanese nationals lived in Metro Detroit. By 1997, the number of Japanese nationals in Metro Detroit was 4,132.〔Lewis, Shawn D. "'Good wives' help bridge U.S. culture." ''The Detroit News''. Sunday April 4, 1999. Metro Section, Final Edition, p. 3B. Record number det3139967. Available from ''NewsBank''.〕 In 1999, the majority of the 8,100 Japanese in Michigan lived in a corridor in southwestern Oakland County along Interstate 696 consisting of Farmington Hills, Novi, and West Bloomfield.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of the Japanese in Metro Detroit」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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